ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine the chemical constituents of essential oil and to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and the extracts obtained from the raw material of Ziziphora wild growing in the floras of Armenia and Artsakh cultivated in the hydroponic conditions. The essential oils were obtained by the method of hydro-distillation. The determination of the essential oil constituents were performed by the GC-MS method. Agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The antioxidant activity determination was carried out DPPH test by the spectrophotometric method, at the same time IC50 was determined. The highest values of the essential oils yield (1.25 ± 0.01%) and IC50 13.83±0.218(x10-5)g/l) were received for the plant cultivated in hydroponic conditions. For the first time in the above studied samples, by the method of GC-MS more than 70 components were revealed. The results of the study showed that essential oils of Ziziphora exhibit antimicrobial activity and the extracts revealed relatively expressed antioxidant activity. The study results show the future prospects of the use of Ziziphora not only as the source of flavonoids and essential oils, but also antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/analysis , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Lamiaceae/classification , Antioxidants/adverse effects , Inhibitory Concentration 50ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the Ziziphora clinopodioides. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by means of various chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified on the basis of NMR spectral data. Results: Twenty-one known compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the dry stems of P. amarus and their structures were identified as protocatechuic acid (1), picein (2), rosmarinic acid (3), cafferic acid (4), luteolin (5), 4', 5, 7-trihydroxy isoflavone (6), irisdichotototin D (7), pinocembrin-7-O-rutinoside (8), acacetin-7-O-rutinoside (9), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone-4-O-β-D-apiofuranosy-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), baicalein (11), kaempferide (12), chrysin-7-O-rutinoside (13), quercetin (14), apigenin (15), ploybotrin (16), 1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol (17), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde (18), acacetin (19), 6, 8-di-C-β-D-glucosylchrysin (20), and dibutyl phthalate (21). Conclusion: Compounds 5-8, 10-12, 16-18, and 20-21 are first obtained from this plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze and compare the essential oil ofZiziphora clinopodioides Lam. from different regions in Xinjiang by infrared spectroscopy;To provide a reference for its identification and quality control.Methods Characteristic absorption peaks ofZiziphora clinopodioides Lam. essential oil from 18 regions in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region were identified, compared and analyzed according to peaks’ shapes, positions and intensities by infrared spectroscopy, second derivative infrared spectroscopy and clustering analysis.Results Differences exist in the characteristic absorption peaks according to peaks’ shapes, positions and intensities. And then the samples from 18 regions can be divided into four categories.Conclusion This method was direct, simple, fast and convenient. Combining with clustering analysis, It could provide a reliable evidence for identification and quality control ofZiziphora clinopodioides Lam..
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprint for the analysis on Ziziphora tenuior and Z. clinopodioides and the determination of hyperin, rutine, and pulegone in eight batches of Z. tenuior and 22 batches of Z. clinopodioides synchronously. Methods: The HPLC method was used with Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and a mixture of methanol-0.08% HCOOH was used as mobile phase with gradient elution. The HPLC fingerprint for eight batches of Z. tenuior and 22 batches of Z. clinopodioides was established. Results: The HPLC fingerprints of the two species were obviously different, so two modes were established for two species, respectively. The eight batches of Z. tenuior and 22 batches of Z. clinopodioides were classified into two groups based on the result of principal component, hierarchical cluster, and similarity analyses. Hyperin and pulegone were the common compositions; quercetin (161.06-213.22 μg/g) was founded in Z. tenuior, but not in Z. clinopodioides; the contents of hyperin (174.15-802.24 μg/g), pulegone (77.43-353.45 μg/g) of Z. clinopodioides were higher than those of Z. tenuior (49.72-204.33 and 36.19-93.29 μg/g). Conclusion: Z. tenuior and Z. clinopodioides have the different fingerprint, which could provide the evidence for their quality control, species identification, and classification.